The most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide is diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can lead to kidney damage over time, a condition called diabetic nephropathy. High blood sugar levels and other factors associated with diabetes can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the body.
Other common causes of CKD include:
1. Hypertension (high blood pressure): Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly.
2. Glomerulonephritis: This refers to inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters within the kidneys. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other conditions.
3. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, leading to their gradual enlargement and loss of function.
4. Recurrent kidney infections: Frequent or poorly treated kidney infections can cause scarring and damage to the kidneys over time.
5. Obstructive nephropathy: Blockages in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate, can obstruct the flow of urine and cause kidney damage.
It's important to note that the most common causes of CKD can vary depending on geographic location and population demographics. It's always advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of any kidney-related concerns.
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